What is the name of the process that prepares the ends of steel pipe and copper tubing to accept a fitting connection using a gasket?

The process that prepares the ends of steel pipe and copper tubing to accept a fitting connection using a gasket is known as roll grooving. This method involves forming a groove around the circumference of the pipe or tubing end, which allows for a better seal when a gasket and fitting are applied. Roll grooving ensures that the fitting can securely join the pipes together, aiding in the prevention of leaks and ensuring a strong connection in plumbing systems. This technique is particularly advantageous in larger diameter pipes that are often used in commercial applications.

Other methods like welding, rolling, and cold forming serve different purposes in the piping realm. Welding is a process of fusing materials together, often requiring high heat and more permanent connections, while cold forming generally involves shaping metals at room temperature without significant heating. Rolling usually refers to transforming a metal's shape by passing it through rollers but does not specifically prepare the pipe ends for fitting connections. Thus, roll grooving is the precise method matching the criteria of the question.